Here are how I understand the difference between the following sauce terms:
1. Au jus - an unthickened sauce made from pan drippings and what is left over after a roast
2. Jus lie - a thickened sauce made from pan drippings and what is left over after a roast
3. Stock* - flavorful liquid made from bones, vegetable matter and herbs/spices.
4. Broth* - Flavorful liquid made from meat, vegetable matter and herbs/spices.
*The difference between stock and broth is the natural gelatin content imparted by bones while cooking the stock.
5. Vegetable stock - technically a broth, but can be used to replace stock in vegetarian-ized dishes.
6. Glace (or Glaze) - stock reduced by 90%. It is very thick and solid when refrigerated. Reducing a stock to a glace makes for easier storage. You can just add water to create a stock. One way is to freeze glace in ice cube trays and store in standardized portion sizes.
7. Essence - is a vegetable stock reduced by 90%. This will still be thick but not nearly as thick as a glace. Essence can be made and put in a squeeze bottle and used as a sauce for presentation purposes.
8. Mother sauces - There are 5 main sauces in french-style cuisine. Bechamel, Veloute, Espagnole, Tomato and Hollandaise.
9. Small sauces - sauces made by adding one or more ingredients to a mother sauce
10. Intermediary sauces - a sauce made by adding on or more ingredient to a mother sauce that becomes a base sauce for two or more small sauces.
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